علم تفسیر : مفهوم، مصطلحات اور قرآنی استعمال کا تحقیقی جائزہ

The Science of Tafsir: A Research Study on Its Meaning, Terminology, and Qur'anic Usage

Abstract

Tafsir is a fundamental Islamic science that seeks to explain the meanings, implications, and wisdom embedded in the verses of the Holy Qur'an. This paper explores the linguistic roots and terminological definitions of Tafsir, examining how it has been understood, employed, and explained by classical and contemporary scholars. The Arabic root "f-s-r" connotes explanation, clarification, and unveiling of hidden meanings. The study reviews various definitions and highlights that Tafsir is not simply a literal translation but an intellectual effort to elucidate divine meanings by employing auxiliary disciplines such as Arabic grammar, rhetoric, context (asbab al-nuzül), abrogation (nāsikh wa mansūkh), and readings (qirā āt) Additionally, this paper presents a critical analysis of the Qur'anic usage of the term Tafsir, noting that it appears once explicitly in Sürat al-Furqan, and multiple times in synonymous forms such as bayān, tabyīn, tafsil, kashf, and sharh. These synonyms, frequently employed in both the Qur'an and Hadith, emphasize the broader function of explanation and detailed interpretation. The research identifies thematic and terminological parallels between Qur'anic and prophetic usage of these terms, showcasing their shared objective to uncover divine intent. The aim of the study is to consolidate classical views and lexicons, thereby offering a comprehensive understanding of the concept of Tafsir from its linguistic origin to its theological application. This provides foundational insights for scholars, students, and readers of the Qur'an who seek deeper engagement with its meanings.